Global Financial Markets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Global Financial Markets - Essay Example Low inflation is a positive scenario as it enables a country to maintain a stable economy and keep the value of local currency money. For example, if a Central Bank wants to attain and keep exchange rate stability and stem capital outflow, the bank must implement a high interest rate policy such as increasing call market rates to a range of 20 to 30% from a regular level of 10% in most cases. A stable foreign exchange rate will prevent a deep contraction of domestic economic activity. The Central Bank can also encourage an expansion of bank lending to small and medium enterprises by expanding its credit facility to support local enterprises. By achieving its primordial goals of stablility and efficiency in the monetary and financial frameworks, the Central Bank makes its very important contribution to the growth of the local economy. The Central Bank sets a base rate at which it transacts with other financial institutions. This interest rate then impacts on an array of interest rates set by commercial banks and building societies for their clients consisting of both borrowers and lenders. It also affects the price of financial assets including bonds and shares. The policy of decreasing or raising interest rates influences the level of spending in the economy. For instance, lower interest rates makes saving less attractive and borrowing more attractive. Lower interest rates can affect the consumers' and the firms' cash-flow. For example, a steep drop in interest rates reduces the income from savings and the interest payments due on loans. Borrowers also spend more of any extra money they have. The final effect of lower interest rates is to encourage higher spending in aggregate.Lower interest rates can boost the prices of other assets such as houses. Higher house prices permit the home owners to extend their mort gages to finance higher consumption. Higher share prices increase the households' wealth also. In addition, the main macroeconomic objectives of long-term growth and employment are achieved by monetary authorities through the judicious application of the appropriate monetary policy. Over the years, monetary authorities are focused on price stability by setting numerical targets for inflation over specific periods.As a strategic move to set the base rates, the monetary authorities make a series of choices regarding the information used as the basis for short-term and longer-term monetary policy adjustments by giving weight and specific roles to crucial economic variables. This information is applied in setting the base rate for interest rates, the prevailing foreign exchange rate regime, the intermediate money supply targets, the preferred forecasting mechanisms and the prevailing indices of the prevailing conditions in the monetary sphere. Individual country assessments on the base rate vary in most respects. The financial variables which exert an important role at the strate gic level include important targets such as money, credit and asset prices.The main operating procedures which relate to the tactical level of policy implementation encompass the choice both of instruments and of operating objectives. The central bankers use major policy instruments such as official interest rates, market operations such as repurchase tenders, reserve requirements and specific direct controls like ceilings on loans and ceilings on bank deposits

The Augustinian Theodicy Essay Example for Free

The Augustinian Theodicy Essay Throughout history, the problems of evil and suffering have always been prevalent in the world. The problems can be split up into two types: moral evil and natural suffering. Moral evil is generally viewed as anything that is caused by humans and inflicts pain (physical or psychological) or death or obstructs lifes freedom and/or expression; for example, murder, war, crime. Natural suffering is generally viewed as events that occur because of the physical world or environment; for example, earthquakes, volcanoes, flooding. Evil and suffering therefore present believers in the God of Classical Theism with a logical problem- one of them being the Inconsistent Triad. The Inconsistent Triad consists of three premises: 1- God is omnipotent; 2- God is omnibenevolent; 3- there is evil in the world. All three premises cannot be true at the same time which means either God does not exist or there is no evil in the world. St Augustine of Hippo, who lived from 354 to 430 AD in the Roman Province of Africa, was a Manichaean (Persian and Dualist religion) in his early until he later converted to Christianity. Augustine proposed a theodicy, which is an attempt to reconcile the existence of an omnibenevolent and omnipotent God with the undeniable fact of evil and suffering in the world; it is derived from the Greek words theos or God and dike or justice. Augustines theodicy explains that according to Genesis, God being perfect created a perfect world where because of His goodness and perfection, God gave humans free will. Therefore, the possibility of evil is necessary as the world can never be as perfect as God. The Fall is also central to his theodicy because when Adam and Eve disobeyed God, mans original purity was lost and all their descendents inherited original sin and original guilt because they were seminally present in the loins of Adam. As a result, we all deserve the consequences which means moral evil is a misuse of our freedom and natural evil is punishment for all mans sins. The theodicy goes further in explaining that we cannot blame God for evil as evil is not a thing in itself but rather privatio boni, which is Latin for the privation of good. This means evil is not an entity, but a lack of goodness or righteousness therefore evil only happens when good goes wrong. Augustines theodicy essentially says that God is right not to interfere with problems of evil and suffering in the world, as it is perfectly justified that we should suffer and at the end of our lives- if we have accepted that Gods forgiveness is necessary- we will go to Heaven, otherwise all non-believers will be punished in Hell for eternity. For some Christians- mainly fundamental Christians- Augustines theodicy succeeds in justifying evil and suffering in the world. However, for non-Christians and even liberal Christians, the theodicy fails for a number of different reasons. The theodicy fails in some ways because of the advance in science. Augustines theodicy is based on the Bible being interpreted as literal which opens him up to two scientific criticisms. In contrast to evolution theory, which is now widely accepted as an explanation for the existence of complex organisms through the gradual process of natural selection and random mutations over generations, if the Bible is taken as literal truth, then the theodicy is the reverse of evolution as it prescribes humans were created first. Another scientific criticism is whilst Augustine says we were all seminally present in the loins of Adam, our genes suggest otherwise. Not only does each person have their own unique DNA (with the exception of identical twins), other factors contribute to how a person develops, such as their socialization, which can create psychological differences too. Therefore it would be wrong to say that all humans are the same as Adam. Furthermore, there are logical criticisms of Augustines theodicy. If evil is not a thing in itself, then good and evil would unknown to Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden. So in Genesis, when Eve ate the forbidden fruit, she had no concept of evil. Schleiermacher, a late 18th/early 19th Century German philosopher, agreed the theodicy is flawed because he said it was a logical contradiction to say that a perfectly created world had gone wrong, since this would mean that evil had created itself ex nihilo, which is impossible. Either the world was created imperfect or God allowed it to go wrong. Perhaps the most important criticisms are moral as they challenge God. Being omniscient, God should have known that things would go wrong and being omnipotent, He could have made creation better and less flawed. Also, the creation of Hell is puzzling because surely God would not create it unless He knew that The Fall would happen which further questions His perfection. Not only that, the selection process for Heaven is discriminate as Heaven can be viewed as an exclusive club for people who have turned to Christ and accepted the need for Gods forgiveness. Therefore, God is wasteful of good souls as they would be punished eternally for having no Christian belief- even if they had been morally good people their whole lives. This clearly questions Gods omnibenevolence and fairness. At first evaluation, St Augustines theodicy appears to make some good points about the reasons for evil and suffering in the world, particularly his comparison of evil to darkness and them being an absence of good and light respectively. However on closer inspection, there are some clear flaws with the theodicy which challenge the God of Classical Theism as they criticise His creation and more importantly- Gods omnibenevolence. The theodicy works well for fundamental Christians, but is not effective in convincing other Christians and non-Christians into the reasons for the existence of evil and suffering in the world as it presents us with an arbitrary and flawed God.

Two Nation: The War Continues... Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"So the question for white Americans is essentially moral: is it right to impose on members of an entire race a lesser start in life and then to expect from them a certain degree of resolution that has never been demanded from your own race?† With this question the author concludes his book. The book is called â€Å"Two Nations: Black and White, Separate, Hostile, Unequal.† The author is Andrew Hacker, a professor of political science at Queens College. He has written many books along with this one mostly dealing with race and other social problems faced in America. He believes that race plays a larger role in America than it does anywhere else in the world. The title has many sources and foreshadows some of the conclusions he makes in the book. The â€Å"two nations† being discussed are the White nation and the African-American (Black) nation. It has been said many times in history that the two major races in this country have been separ ate, hostile and unequal. It is interesting to find out what Mr. Hacker thinks about all of this as well.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The book is separated into three parts. In the first part Hacker wishes to give the reader insight on how â€Å"we† define and divide people into races. He will also discuss what it feels like to be black in this country and why white Americans act the way they do to those of African-American descent. In the second part he will focus more on the role race plays in such areas as education, family life, economy, politics and crime. In the third section there are statistics based on race and an index. In the opening chapter of the book Hacker discusses the â€Å"origin† of races. Separation and the giving of names to peoples belonging to a group have been done since the first time differences in physical appearance began to appear. He argues that the Native Americans have been at a low population but the population suddenly increased when many individuals began to claim their race as being Native American. He also says that the race once known as â€Å"mongoloid† and other races from the Asian continent have all been combined and renamed by the majority white race to â€Å"Asian-American†. The author then discusses how ridiculous it is that the people in this country have designated everyone in the world to a separate group. Defining them before they can define themselves.   Ã‚   ... ...urban areas anymore. After going to public schools for almost 16 years I can say that there is a lot of segregation everywhere because people feel more comfortable among those of their own race. Does this mean that if there are a group of white kids hanging out together that they are racist? No, this just means that all they are is a group of kids. For someone to point out their race and the fact that they are all the same and then to judge them and their beliefs without knowing anything for sure is a racist statement in itself. Overall, Andrew Hacker is a good writer. I don’t agree with all of his beliefs but he makes a very good argument. There are many people that feel strongly about an issue and do not speak up. The admirable thing about Hacker is that he said what he feels and he is not scared to speak his mind. That is a respectable trait. Don’t you agree? â€Å"A huge racial chasm remains, and there are few signs that he coming century will see it closed. A century and a quarter after slavery, white America continues to ask of its black citizens an extra patience and perseverance that whites have never required of themselves† -Andrew Hacker (On the final paragraph of his book)

Linux Networking Capabilities :: Essays Papers

Linux Networking Capabilities Linux is a Unix clone written from scratch by Linus Torvalds with assistance from a loosely-knit team of hackers across the Net. It aims towards POSIX compliance. It has all the features expected in a modern fully-fledged Unix, including true multitasking, virtual memory, shared libraries, demand loading, shared copy-on-write executables, proper memory management and TCP/IP networking. It runs mainly on 386/486/586-based PCs, using the hardware facilities of the 386-processor family to implement these features. Ports to other architectures are underway. Linux is freely available, and no one is required to register their copies with any central authority, so it is difficult to know how many people use Linux. Several businesses are now surviving solely on selling and supporting Linux, and very few Linux users use those businesses, relatively speaking, and the Linux newsgroups are some of the most heavily read on the internet, so the number is likely in the hundreds of thousands, but hard numbers are hard to come by. Linux Features Multitasking. Several programs running at once. Multiuser. Several users on the same machine at once. Two-user licenses are not possible. Multiplatform. Runs on many different CPUs, not just Intel. Multiprocessor. SMP support is available on the Intel and SPARC platforms (with work currently in progress on other platforms), and Linux is used in several loosely-coupled MP applications, including Beowulf systems and the Fujitsu AP1000+ SPARC-based supercomputer. Runs in protected mode on the 386. Memory protection between processes. So that one program can't bring the whole system down. Demand loads executables. Linux only reads from disk those parts of a program that are actually used. Shared copy-on-write pages among executables. This means that multiple process can use the same memory to run in. When one tries to write to that memory, that page (4KB piece of memory) is copied somewhere else. Copy-on-write has two benefits: increasing speed and decreasing memory use. Virtual memory using paging (not swapping whole processes) to disk. To a separate partition or a file in the filesystem, or both, with the possibility of adding more swapping areas during runtime. A total of 16 of these 128 MB swapping areas can be used at once, for a theoretical total of 2 GB of useable swap space. It is simple to increase this if necessary, by changing a few lines of source code. Unified memory pool for user programs and disk cache.

Argument Against the Death Penalty

Argument Essay for the Death Penalty Every day through media streams, we hear news about murders, homicides, and killing. It is hard to spend a day without hearing about these things nowadays. We have our own right to our own lives, but that doesn’t mean we have rights to the person sitting next to us or anyone else. I’ve studied on this topic for almost a year now and I know main issues related to this topic and a few important historical movements related to the death penalty.In the past few years, the death penalty was a controversial issue in many pro death penalty nations like the United States, China, Iran and many more. Since 1990, more than thirty countries abolished the death penalty because it was considered immoral (www. deathpenaltyinfo. com). Supporters of the death penalty consider killing the person who killed others people and that supports why the death penalty is immoral in many ways. First, it violates religious views and beliefs, innocent people get wrongly accused and mostly executed, costs way too much money, and lastly it is not how we deal with crimes.California and Oklahoma were two states involved in the death penalty survey proving that it has reduced crime rate or not (Gorecki). The survey proved to be negative showing that the death penalty actually had increased crime rate rather than decreasing it (Gorecki). Professor Craig Haney of University of California at Santa Cruz conducted the survey on 800 citizens of Santa Cruz, they were chosen randomly by their social security numbers (Gorecki). Professor Haney conducted this same kind of survey back in 1989 when he received strong favor of the death penalty (Gorecki).In 1989, 74% of 800 citizens favored the death penalty, but in 2009, those numbers fell drastically to 44% (www. deathpenaltyinfo. com). The Supreme Court cases Ballard v. Florida, Thibodeaux v. Louisiana are some of the many recent cases of innocent execution that took place in less than a decade (www. deat hpenaltyinfo. com). There are many other reasons that I will present later in this essay to prove that the death penalty is not a rightful way to punish a criminal (Schabas). To abolish the death penalty, we should replace it with life imprisonment without parole.Doing so will save us money and maybe increase budgets for things that communities require, it could save the lives of innocents from dying, no more violation of the Eighth Amendment and human morals, and no evidence that it deters crime rate. First, Innocent people are getting executed ever since the death penalty has been around. The death penalty has claimed lives of 141 innocent citizens since 1973-today with little over half being black and the other half are whites and other races (www. deathpenaltyinfo. com). The Innocence protection Act became a law in 2004 (Ross).Law had a huge effect on innocent executions because the law forced the Supreme Court to test the DNA of an inmate and match it with the sample found at t he crime scene (Guernesey). Act also started charging money to the United States prisons for every wrong conviction made since the effect of the law (Guernesey). Innocent convictions were also caused by racism, bribing, eyewitness error, snitch, government misconduct, and false confessions. To stop innocent executions we should appeal to the courts to allow two different lawyers to have a look in at the same case for errors that could have been missed by one.Judges should not go straight on conclusion, but ask if anyone on both sides have a lingering doubt they might want to clear, and Secondly, the death penalty costs up to $117 million for up to four executions per year (Costanzo). Estimated cost for keeping an inmate in a cell until the execution date average around $90,000 – $95,000 (Costanzo). State of California itself has held 1940 executions since 1978 up until 2009; estimated total cost for 1940 execution was around $4 billion (www. deathpenaltyinfo. com). In compari son to the death penalty cases, life imprisonment cases cost 4 times less (Costanzo).The United States can save up to $12 million per year if the death penalty gets replaced by life imprisonment without parole (Costanzo). The American Civil Liberties Union reviewed the statistics on taxpayers’ money and concluded that, approximately $90 million goes towards the death penalty executions (Costanzo). Capital trails costs up to $11 million per execution comparing to $4 million for life imprisonment (www. deathpenaltyinfo. com). Almost everyone in the United States, whether they're against the death penalty or not, complains about current condition of the US economy not being very good.Due to that fact, we should replace the death penalty with life imprisonment; this could save money for infrastructures, schools, colleges and health care and increase their yearly budgets. Biases also play a big role in determining who will and who will not get executed (Ross). Types of biases that I'm referring to are racial bias and class bias, and political bias (Ross). According to NAACP (National Association of the Advancement of Colored People), out of 40 percent of inmates on death row, 12 percent accused inmates are penalized due to the racial bias in their case (Winters147).Another study was conducted by NAACP, informing us that killers of whites are more likely to get executed than the killers of black (Ross). To avoid racial bias effecting capital punishment decisions, U. S. Senate suggested a Racial Justice Act, an act that outlawed any case that was suspected and held under racial discrimination, but it was consistently defeated (Bohm). Class biases are much more common than racial bias, class biases occurs when a lower class person gets accused and doesn't have enough wealth to hire a good defense lawyer (Haag 167).Protagonist side would argue that the death penalty cause deterrence in crime rates, DNA Testing saved many innocent victims, even bible supported th e death penalty, â€Å"Whoever sheds the blood of man, by man shall his blood be shed, for God made man in his own image† (Genesis 9:6) and life imprisonment keep the fear alive inside victims’ family. The American Civil Liberties Union collected some data on crime rates over the past few years and concluded that, the pro death penalty states had higher crime by up to 46 percent than the states without the death penalty (www. aclu. org).Statistics showed that, Eventhough, crime rates in the pro death penalty states has decreased, crime rates in states without the death penalty had also decreased. In 2011, 11,221 people were killed in thirty-four pro death penalty states, whereas only 6,395 people were killed in sixteen anti-death penalty states (www. deathpenaltyinfo. com). DNA testing was first used in 1990s, but massive effect of that system took place in the September 2011 when it saved 273 lives of innocents that were once announced guilty (www. aclu. org). DNA sys tem saved 75 percent of innocent convictions in past few years, but what about rest 25 percent (www. clu. org)? Now this could be where the class biases come in, rich people could force to not have DNA testing conducted with the power of their money, or poor people could not afford a tests like these once they started paying lawyer fees (www. aclu. org). Pro-death penalty people would also argue that if the death penalty is replaced with life imprisonment without parole, it would keep the fear of criminal being alive inside them. But think about other side effects the death penalty is having on the society, the death penalty is doing nothing but executing.As mentioned earlier in the essay, the death penalty does not deter crime rate, it kills innocent people, and it costs 4 times more than life imprisonment (Costanzo). The life imprisonment could save lives of many innocent people who would have been executed by the death penalty. Exactly what people are worried about are inmates es caping the prisons, but there are low chances of escaping, because according to the Bureau of Justice Department, in 2006, inmates escape rate was 3 percent for every 2 million inmates (www. bjs. ov). In 2011, numbers are around 1. 3 percent per 2 million inmates (www. bjs. gov). I am sure that if everyone knew all facts related to the death penalty, they would have never stood by it and it is not late to be so yet. By looking at the both sides carefully and patiently, I think we should replace death penalty with life imprisonment, because death penalty has many bad effects like high costs, innocent executions, different types of biases effecting final judgment, violation of the eighth amendment and human morals.Whereas, life imprisonment 4 times less than the death penalty, and innocent people have a chance to be free if they are proven not guilty. It is not our job to take revenge on people, listen to the word of creator, â€Å"Do not take revenge, my friends, but leave room for God’s wrath†, for it is written: â€Å"It is mine to avenge; I will repay†. Work Cited Bohm, Robert M. Ultimate Sanction: Understanding the Death Penalty through Its Many Voices and Many Sides. New York: Kaplan Pub. , 2010. Print. 13 Feb. 2013Costanzo, Mark: Just revenge: costs and consequences of the death penalty; St. Martin's Press, New York, Academic Search Complete, 1997. Print. 18 January 2013. Gorecki, Jan. Capital Punishment: Crimial Law and Social Evolution. New York: Columbia UP, Academic Search Complete, 2000. Print. 22 January 2013. Guernsey, JoAnn Bren. The Death Penalty: Fair Solution or Moral Failure? Minneapolis: Twenty-First Century, 2010. Print. 22 February 2013. Schabas, William. The Abolition of the Death Penalty in International Law. Cambridge, U. K. Cambridge UP, Academic Search Complte 1997. Print. 11 February 2013. Winters, Paul A. The Death Penalty: Opposing Viewpoints. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven, Academic Search Complete 1997. Print. 20 F ebruary 2013. United States. Bureau Of Justice. US Department of Justice. Prisoners in 2011. By Ann E. Carson and William J. Sabol. N. p. , Dec. 2012. Web. 9 Apr. 2013. Cooper, David. â€Å"Deterrence: States Without the Death Penalty Have Had Consistently Lower Murder Rates. † Death Penalty Information Center. N. p. , n. d. Web. 12 Apr. 2013. .

Exploring the Components Found in the Ideal Classroom

Exploring the Components Found in the Ideal Classroom Perfection is often elusive, but good teachers continuously strive to obtain it. The classroom is the epicenter of teaching and learning. Throughout the school year, the four walls of a classroom encapsulate life-changing interactions between the teacher and their students. A classroom typically takes on the  personality of the teacher. Though similarities are prevalent in every classroom, no two classrooms are exactly the same. 35 Components of an Ideal Classroom Every teacher will have a slightly different version of the ideal classroom, but common elements do exist. It is in these commonalities that you often find a true representation of characteristics found in the ideal classroom. The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.is student-centered meaning that the teacher is the facilitator of learning built on student interests and abilities. The teacher rarely lectures or uses worksheets, but instead provides students with engaging, authentic learning opportunities.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.is a display center for student made learning posters, artwork, and other exemplary work.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.is well organized so that teachers and students can utilize the resources in the room quickly and efficiently.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.provides students with a safe zone where they feel comfortable and can temporarily escape any problems they are dealing with at home.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.has structure or a specified set of procedures and expectations that everyone follows.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.has a teacher who always addresses their students in a positive manner. They treat their s tudents fairly and maintain the dignity of the student when addressing discipline issues.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.has an open door policy where parents and community members are encouraged to participate actively in daily activities and lessons. The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..embraces technology and regularly integrates aspects of technology into lessons.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.provides regular authentic learning opportunities where active, hands-on learning is a standard classroom practice.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.is one where teachable moments are embraced. The teacher realizes that value learning opportunities exist beyond simple rote learning and takes advantage of those opportunities.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.embraces modeling and independent practice as a critical learning tool. The teacher models new skills and then allows students to practice these newly acquired skills independently.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.allows students to work cooperatively on learning projects. Students are taught to create a plan, assign tasks, and then to bring everything together to complete the project.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.has a teacher who is not afraid to experiment. They are continuously searching for ideas to boost learning and regularly tweaks previously used lessons to meet the needs of their current students. The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.incorporates a variety of proven instructional strategies throughout the school year. The teacher exposes students to a wide range of strategies so that multiple learning styles are addressed on a regular basis.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.is one where respect is a core value. Teachers and students understand that respect is a two-way street. Everyone is respectful of others thoughts and feelings.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.is amicable. Students and teachers may disagree from time to time, but they respect each other’s opinions and listen to the other side without passing judgment.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.embraces accountability. Students are taught self-discipline and hold each other accountable when they make a mistake. The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.embraces individual diversity and differences. Students are not only taught to value differences but that all individuals bring real val ue to the classroom because they are different.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.is not limited to the four walls of the classroom. The same principles applied in the classroom are extended to all areas of the school as well as all school activities. The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.encourages all students to participate actively in every learning activity. Each student brings value to the learning process and thus are expected to pull their weight in each and every activity.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.is content driven meaning that students are minimally taught the concepts and requirements per grade level and subject area.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.is data-driven. The teacher pulls data from multiple sources to paint an accurate portrait of individual student needs. The teacher then creates individualized learning opportunities to meet the specific needs of each student in their class.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.provides sequential learning opportunities allowing students to connect new learning experiences to prior learning experiences. It also allows students to begin to look forward to learning that is on the horizon.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.allows students to t ap into individual talents and creativity. Students are encouraged to individualize learning projects by putting their own unique or creative spin on them. The ideal classroom............is built on high expectations.   No one is allowed just to get by. The teacher and students expect maximum effort and participation in every class activity.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.is one that students look forward to going to. They anticipate new learning opportunities and look forward to seeing the adventure that each day brings.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.is made up of fewer than eighteen students, but more than ten students.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.teaches students more than what is required. Students are taught valuable life lessons and skills. They are encouraged to begin to establish a plan for their future.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.provides students with clear and concise directions in both verbal and written form. Students are given an opportunity to ask questions before, during, and after a task for clarification.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..has an ongoing, collaborativ e and engaging dialog where students share their expertise and experiences on the topic at hand. Teachers are facilitators who guide the discussion, but who ensure students are engaged throughout the discussion. The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.has plenty of educational resources including up-to-date textbooks, supplemental learning tools, technology, and a comprehensive classroom library.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.provides every student with one-on-one instruction on a daily basis to meet individualized learning needs.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.has a teacher who makes adjustments as needed. The teacher takes the time to re-teach concepts when necessary and recognizes when individual students are struggling and provides them with extra assistance when needed.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.is full of students focused on learning. They are goal oriented and refuse to be a distraction for their classmates. They love learning and realize that a good education is a means to an end.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..prepares students for the future. Students not only advance to the next grade level but do so with the tools and abilities to be su ccessful.

James on Whether and When It Is Ok to Believe without Sufficient Evidence

Clifford/James on Whether and When It Is Ok to Believe without Sufficient Evidence Clifford/James argument is devoted to the issue that there are cases when people have to believe the information without additional arguments and proofs. This statement cannot be agreed on as there are no cases when people are to believe others without supportive arguments.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Clifford/James on Whether and When It Is Ok to Believe without Sufficient Evidence specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is possible to accept the evidence without any arguments, however, one will still need the argumentation. The acceptance of the argument without support does not mean the belief in it. The belief without sufficient evidence may lead to disappointment in a person who has offered an idea. There are a lot of cases when trusting someone without asking supportive argumentation people were left frustrated at the end when it came out that the opinion of another person was wrong. One of the main reasons why it is impossible to trust without sufficient evidence is that all people have a different vision of life and situations, therefore, being good enough for a person, the issue may seem negative for another one and the arguments may help give a vision of what one is talking about. One of the most spread examples of this idea is the purchase of the service. Having used the services of a master, one person may be satisfied with the work. Chanting the praises of the master, a person may give a recommendation to another one, however, this is a bad idea to believe without arguments. The quality is an abstract notion and different people understand it in various ways. When someone is sure that the quality means the pleasant appearance after the work of the master is completed, others may be sure that quality is the way how the work has been performed, the quality of the materials used, etc. Therefore, it may be stated that the different vision of the quality of a performed work does not all ow people to trust without arguments. Another example of the similar statement is when people give pieces of advice about the vacation. One should not believe without arguments why the place is great for having a vacation as for some people noisy place with active entertainments is an ideal place for spending time while others may believe that a good rest is possible only when a silence is the only support of a person. Tastes differ, therefore, it is impossible to dwell upon absence of arguments if one wants to remain satisfied. When people dwell upon some issues they usually consider their personal point of view from the personal life position. This statement is correct, however, there is no any guarantee that another person has the same life position, likes and visions. Thus, the argumentation is important.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Both, Clifford and James are sure that there are cases when a statement may be trusted without additional arguments. However, I have provided several situations when the belief without any explanation may lead to complete dissatisfaction, as a result. Various people have different points of view, tastes and a vision of life. These aspects are very important in decision making, therefore, relying on somebody’s statement without any supportive arguments one risks pity about it in the future. Clifford and James are wrong as trusting others without sufficient arguments may lead to disappointment. All the statements are to be supported with argumentation, otherwise, people risk remain dissatisfied and never trust others as having been deceived once people will search faults in other pieces of advice. Nevertheless, the acceptance of the opinion of another person is possible only if one knows for sure what arguments may be offered.

Platos account

Discuss the significance and relevance of Platos account of mimesis and the authenticity of the copy in respect of one of the following films: The Matrix. In your answer pay close attention to both the films form and its content. The Wachowski brothers The Matrix presents a world of illusion, where nothing is as it seems. A world created by computers, run by artificial intelligence. It draws strongly on Platonic theory by showing that only when this fake world is looked at from the outside, from an objective viewpoint, can it be understood, and only when this world of imitation is understood can it be overcome. The work of art in the contemporary world sees allegory, ie. the ability of the story to tell another point for point, as a crucial characteristic. This criteria allows for depth in the work beyond aesthetic, giving art various possible readings and interpretations and allowing the artist/director to retell a story and simultaneously put their own perspective on the tale. The sci-fi epic The Matrix is a prime example of this very post-modern trait. Several allegories are contained within The Matrixs structure and content. The obvious and relevant allegories that of Platos cave. Interestingly, the ancient Greek philosophers cave story was itself an allegory devised by Plato for the degree to which our nature is educated for the state of human existence, or for the plight of man as Plato saw it. The Matrix, in this light, is a copy of a copy. Looking at the movie in regards to its similarities with Platos text. Plato begins by conjuring an image for his audience: people living in an underground place, like a cave. They are restricted in their visions of the world by chains, and they have been there ever since childhood. Similarly, in the Matrix, the human species is being controlled by artificial intelligence. The people are in captivity, and the...

Art 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Art 2 - Essay Example Bill Violoa’s â€Å"The Greeting† was an attempt to put Pontormo’s â€Å"The Visitation† on video. In order to bring a picture to life through video, Violoa’s scene begins with two women that after a few minutes are interrupted by a third. In Violoa’s work, the first woman is middle-aged, the other younger, while the third woman is a friend of the older woman. The third woman embraces the woman she knows, leaving out the other woman. However, after a moment of awkwardness, the three make small talk. All of this is an inference, since there is no sound at all. Everything on the video had to be interpretive through gestures and expressions. Like with â€Å"The Visitation†, â€Å"The Greeting† can be interpreted as friends visiting. The painting and video only have more meaning, if the viewer is familiar with the Biblical story of Mary and Elizabeth. Both Pontormo and Violoa use their imaginations to portray this event. Violoa used Pontormo’s idea to begin with, but then the video becomes his own. Still art has limitations that the medium of video does not have. Violoa could use more gestures and expressions to depict his thoughts, whereas Pontormo only had the medium of oil and a still depictation. Both Pontormo and Violoa’s art are unique and individual, while of the same subject. Urban infrastructure must be sustainable. Architecture must make urban infrastructures sustainable, whether New York City, Austin, or Tokyo. Every urban infrastructure must have architects build public transports (buses, subways, roads, tracks), efficient buildings (green buildings, energy efficient), low impact development to protect water resources, parks, energy demanded managements. Urban infrastructure can destroy natural resources needed to live, like trees, water, and wildlife. Pollution can be a problem. Good architecture can cut these problems down to manageable levels. Architects build more than

Motivation in the NHS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Motivation in the NHS - Essay Example The new concepts which are incorporated into the NHS are now including resources, funding allocated to assist with services and the building of communities which can assist with the needs in health care and the concepts associated with this. Connections to corporations as well as physicians are furthering the success of this organization while allowing new funding and high performance to be associated with the main corporation (NHS, 2011). While there are several opportunities available for NHS, there are also curtain standings that are altering the way in which the corporation functions and what is available for those in need of health assistance. The main concept that is now being initiated is linked directly to the government, which is moving into a reform with the service. This is designed to offer equitable solutions for those who are in need of health care. The initial structure of the NHS is linked to the governmental sector, making all restrictions and obligations with polici es and reforms directly responsible for those who are involved in this movement. Legitimacy that is associated with health costs, regulating healthcare providers and liberating the restrictions that are associated with the NHS are the three main objectives of the government and the link to NHS. The main ideal is to keep the standards of equity while ensuring that each individual that links to the NHS is able to receive the comprehensive health care needed (DH, 1: 2011). The liberation which is being structured with government policies and concepts is furthered by the structure which is continuing to grow with the NHS. The first is based on the main structure. This is divided first by the... This paper stresses that the various concepts which are associated with motivation among the National Health Service employees is based on various dimensions which continue to affect the interactions of those which are involved with the professional concepts of the industry. When looking at the interactions, it can be seen that there is a direct relationship to the economic and political shifts. These are each involved with motivations that come from policies, expectations in the industry and the involvement which individuals have in the profession to receiving benefits in terms of political and economic opportunities. This reprot makes a conclusion that there are considerations within the NHS, specifically because of the structure and relationship which is associated with the health care industry. The current structure is one which provides human resource management tools to customers, other health care assistants and from the governments. The constraints of this are related to the policies and political agendas that come from each of these branches of the NHS. There are also constraints with the economic expectations and how this relates to the overall industry. For the NHS to begin to change, there is the need to look at the motivational factors within health care, specifically in relation to the policies and how this affects the human resources, available opportunities for those involved with the NHS and the abilities which are a part of growth in the industry. By understanding these different levels, changes can be made in terms of motivation and how individuals and customers now relate to the health care industry.

The Contemporary Hospitality Industry - British - Food and Drink Assignment

The Contemporary Hospitality Industry - British - Food and Drink Trends - Assignment Example This industry is now becoming more competitive because multinationals companies are incorporating new products with innovative. In recent trends, this industry has gain more customer trust, which is important for the development of this industry (Food Marketing & Technology, 2012). Food Science helps to understand the theory of food in the food industry and its significance in the healthcare industry. Food science and food technology is a new field, which helps to understand the nature and structure of the food industry (Jessie & Aruna, n. d). Food and drink is an important consideration for the hospitality industry as quality of food and the trend is a crucial aspect. The paper intends to evaluate about the food and drink industry with regard to the latest developments. The food and drink industry is growing on continues basis due to the changing and increasing demand for food. This industry has to deliver the products according to the demands of the customer for surviving in the market. The law of food industry has developed in the last two years and is likely to be continued. The development of legislation is important for the enhancement of food and its nutritional value, which affects the health of people (Leatherhead Food Research, 2014). Food and drink products are vital in the daily life and it plays a fundamental role in the safety of the life of people. For the development of food and drink industry European food and drink manufacturers has to improve the environmental performance of their products continuously (Bear, 2007). The food and drink industry has changed due to the use of new advanced technology. New technology opens new doors and new areas for this industry as per the changing trend and food habits of people. There are number of roles of legislation for the development of food and drink industry as per the trend and season. The major roles are support by the government, export incentive, R & D

Hunting Methods of Early Man Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Hunting Methods of Early Man - Term Paper Example Due to this they invented stone tools which are refereed to as the Oldowan tools which it possible for them to be able to hunt animals and crush their bones and eat the bone marrow and also eat the meat. Because of their features they used to wait for animals under a tree.   Therefore, when the animals come they would split into different positions and disperse and chase them and kill them. They used their stone tool to skin the animals and eat them. Although at some point they were forced to to share the predictors meat when they have not captured any animal.Homo erectus is among the extinct hominin of the early man. It is thought that the homo erectus evolved from the homo habilis. Homo erectus are also referred to as the upright man because they used to walk into legs. Homoerectus also had a height of 6 feet. They're also invented tools which were referred to as the Acheulian and were more advanced than the stone tools of the homo habilis. Their tools were more diverse and elabo rated for instance the hand axe. The Homo erectus were the first people who invented fire. They had a better way of hunting and foraging skills which made them adapt and survive in their environment (Boaz 105). The Homo erectus used to use the fire which they invented to hunt. The Homo erectus had a brain size like for a human baby whereby it was too small for reasoning or even imagining. They used to chase the animals with the fire to their trap whereby their trap was muddy pool. Due to fear the animals would run unkowingly towards.

Research and grow Aquilegia flabellata from a plug Paper

And grow Aquilegia flabellata from a plug - Research Paper Example Proceeding further, Aquilegia flabellata is a perennial flowering plant of the family Ranunculaceae. Other varieties of the plant include A. flabellata var. pumila and A. flabellata var. alba (Armitage 111). The species is a native of Japan; in the alpine regions of Northern and Central Japan (Harper and McGourty 53). With regard to its cultivation, it should be planted in a pot size of minimum 7 cm. Its full grown height is 15-20cm. The plant has divided leaves and slightly glaucous. Aquilegia flabellata produces violet-blue, pale blue, or lavender flowers that are about 3cm in width. The floral structures are housed in creamy-white petals. Its fan-shaped foliage is thicker and wider in comparison to other columbines. The blooming time is early spring or late summer. As cited by Seedaholic, the plant’s flowers are produced above attractive fan-shaped foliage. When planted outdoors, the plant’s spacing is 30 cm. The seeds are sown in late summer and covered by 3 to 5 cm of soil. The plant can thrive in moist soil, neutral, alkaline or acidic soil conditions, and also in normal, sandy or clay soil. When planted indoors, the seed composts in the pot. The soil temperature is kept at 15OC to 20OC. The seedlings can be transplanted into 7cm wide pots. Feeding is necessary both organicall and inorganically. Even in winter, their rounded foliage is still attractive. However, they appear more attractive if given a late-autumn hair cut. After the flowers have been produced, the stalks can be cut off, leaving the leaves to do their work. Aquilegia flabellata tends to cross-pollinate and hybridize, thus creating new strains as well as colors. The plant grows best in morning sun and afternoon shade. In relation to its longevity, this Aquilegia flabellata has a tendency to loose vitality after four or five years. Considering that Aquilega flabellata grows up to 20 cm long, the companion

Hunting Methods of Early Man Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Hunting Methods of Early Man - Term Paper Example Due to this they invented stone tools which are refereed to as the Oldowan tools which it possible for them to be able to hunt animals and crush their bones and eat the bone marrow and also eat the meat. Because of their features they used to wait for animals under a tree.   Therefore, when the animals come they would split into different positions and disperse and chase them and kill them. They used their stone tool to skin the animals and eat them. Although at some point they were forced to to share the predictors meat when they have not captured any animal.Homo erectus is among the extinct hominin of the early man. It is thought that the homo erectus evolved from the homo habilis. Homo erectus are also referred to as the upright man because they used to walk into legs. Homoerectus also had a height of 6 feet. They're also invented tools which were referred to as the Acheulian and were more advanced than the stone tools of the homo habilis. Their tools were more diverse and elabo rated for instance the hand axe. The Homo erectus were the first people who invented fire. They had a better way of hunting and foraging skills which made them adapt and survive in their environment (Boaz 105). The Homo erectus used to use the fire which they invented to hunt. The Homo erectus had a brain size like for a human baby whereby it was too small for reasoning or even imagining. They used to chase the animals with the fire to their trap whereby their trap was muddy pool. Due to fear the animals would run unkowingly towards.

'Discipline & Punish (Foucault, 1975) is not just a history of the Essay

'Discipline & Punish (Foucault, 1975) is not just a history of the emergence of the prison but a history of the emergence of a - Essay Example Thus, Discipline and Punish could be deemed as Foucault’s critique not only on the effectiveness of prison in attaining its key objective—the disciplining of the prisoner by subjecting him to conditions that are marked by extreme surveillance and control—but also on the true reason for the emergence of various social structures today such as the government, school, and other institutions (Mc Gaha, 2000). Precisely, it is Foucault’s belief that such systems had only been created to cater the elite group (which I shall explore in more detail in the next part of the paper) that bolstered his onslaught on the basic foundations of human civilization. Specifically, by recognizing the essence of prison and other social institutions as merely ‘instruments’ used by the elite to maintain and enhance their power in society, Foucault was able to question essentially the possibility of attaining human freedom in modern-day society. In a deeper regard, I co uld surmise that Foucault’s attacks on social structures could be attributed to his anarchistic mindset (though not explicitly revealed in any of the texts) as he clearly disregarded the need for such systems. Therefore, human freedom must be seen as the act of ‘letting one be’ and not ‘following what and how one must be’. His precise bastardization of naturals or ideals (as will be discussed later on) could clearly provide an ideological nexus between his anarchistic mindset and his post-modern orientation. If seen in this context, Foucault’s take on the human essence (for the lack of a better term) is slightly existentialist. In this paper, I like to delve further into Foucault’s Discipline and Punish by dividing the discussion into four parts. The first part shall emphasize on the short history of the penal system, which could be traced back to 17th century. Through this part, I aim to highlight on the fact that the development of th e penal system had shifted the punishment from physical to mental. The second part will be dedicated to reinforcing the concepts of power and control as the main thrust for the creation of modern social institutions. This will infuse the significant role of the elite in the formation of such institutions. The third part shall zero in on Foucault’s conceptualization of human freedom as hardly attainable given the flaws in modern day systems today. By having this part, I am to provide a reasoning that encapsulates Foucault’s socio-political ideologies Evolution of Punishment and the Rise of the Penal System Following the flow of discussion in Discipline and Punish, Foucault opted to start (in a more detailed light) with a detailed discussion on public tortures and executions that transpired during the17th and 18th centuries. Presenting explicitly the execution of the Damiens, Foucault (1976) narrated, â€Å"after these tearings with the pincers, Damiens, who cried out p rofusely, though without swearing, raised his head and looked at himself; the same

Organizational Performance Management Table Essay Example for Free

Organizational Performance Management Table Essay After you have completed your individual research on your chosen type of health care organization, collaborate with your Learning Team to complete this table. Then, refer to this table as you collaborate to write your paper. Include this table as an appendix to your paper. Fill in the necessary information in each cell, but be as succinct as possible. 1. Provide names of or links to specific organizations. Summarize key products or services provided by each type of organization and identify the primary customers they serve. Organization One Organization Two Organization Three http://www.fda.gov/ U.S. Food and Drug Administration 2. Outline the overall content of the major regulations, accreditation requirements, and other standards that affect each organization. Provide the title, section, parts, or subparts or the numbering system and so on of the specific regulations or accreditation requirements. For example: Use of electronic signatures in electronic medical records is equivalent to handwritten signatures on paper; FDA regulation; Title 21 CFR Part 11, Subpart C, Â § 11.200 Electronic Signature: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/cfrsearch.cfm?cfrpart=11 Organization One Organization Two Organization Three Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act (FDASIA) Because of their importance, an agency’s rulemaking plans are of great interest to a wide range to stakeholders. Therefore, the Federal Government publishes a semi-annual agenda of upcoming regulations in the Federal Register, usually in the Spring and Fall. As part of FDA’s Transparency Initiative and FDA Transparency Results Accountability Credibility Knowledge Sharing (TRACK), we are also providing periodic updates on FDA’s Unified Agenda rulemakings. On the Unified Agenda-TRACK Web page, we will maintain an updated agenda of FDA’s Unified Agenda rulemakings. 3. Highlight the effect of each organization’s regulations, accreditation requirements, and other standards on the risk- and quality-management functions and activities. Organization One Organization Two Organization Three The scope of FDA’s regulatory authority is very broad. FDAs responsibilities are closely related to those of several other government agencies. Often frustrating and confusing for consumers is determining the appropriate regulatory agency to contact. The following is a list of traditionally-recognized product categories that fall under FDA’s regulatory jurisdiction; however, this is not an exhaustive list. In general, FDA regulates: Foods, including: dietary supplements bottled water food additives infant formulas other food products (although the U.S. Department of Agriculture plays a lead role in regulating aspects of some meat, poultry, and egg products) Drugs, including: prescription drugs (both brand-name and generic) non-prescription (over-the-counter) drugs Biologics, including: vaccines blood and blood products cellular and gene therapy products tissue and tissue products allergenics Medical Devices, including: simple items like tongue depressors and bedpans complex technologies such as heart pacemakers dental devices surgical implants and prosthetics Electronic Products that give off radiation, including: microwave ovens x-ray equipment laser products ultrasonic therapy equipment mercury vapor lamps sunlamps Cosmetics, including: color additives found in makeup and other personal care products skin moisturizers and cleansers nail polish and perfume Veterinary Products, including: livestock feeds pet foods veterinary drugs and devices Tobacco Products, including: cigarettes cigarette tobacco roll-your-own tobacco smokeless tobacco 4. Specify components of performance-management systems—policies and procedures, self-audits, benchmarking, complaint management, corrective or preventive action, education and training, communication, and other mechanisms—to be used by each organization. Organization One Organization Two Organization Three Risk communication staff: Our Risk Communication Staffs objective is to assess and enhance FDAs approaches to effectively communicate the risks and benefits of using FDA-regulated products. This includes providing leadership in identifying, developing, conducting and promoting cross-cutting research, promoting understandable communication, and finding ways to improve the consistency and effectiveness of our communication approaches. This program also directs the activities of FDAs Risk Communication Advisory Committee, which was established: to advise on strategies and programs to communicate the risks and benefits of FDA-regulated products so as to facilitate optimal use; to review and evaluate FDAs and others research relevant to such communication; and to facilitate interactively sharing risk and benefit information with the public to help people make informed independent judgments about use of FDA-regulated products. Our major functions include: Coordinating development of agency policies on risk communication practices. Coordinating agency strategic planning activities concerning risk communications. Coordinating agency research agenda for risk communication methods. Facilitating development and sharing of risk communication best practices and standard operating procedures. Conducting risk communications research on methodological and cross-cutting issues. Leading management and coordination of the FDA Risk Communication Advisory Committee. Staffing and co-leading FDA’s Communications Council 5. Provide links to any relevant sources that will be useful as your Learning Team completes the paper. Organization One Organization Two Organization Three Fda.gov

Priority Pollutants and Their Health Effects

Priority Pollutants and Their Health Effects INTRODUCTION The Priority Pollutants are a set of chemical pollutants EPA regulates, and for which EPA has published analytical test methods. the Priority Pollutant list published at 40 CFR 423, Appendix A,An estimated 25% of death and disease globally, is linked to environmental hazards. The WHO, EPA have listed the persistent pollutants, which are included in this article along with the major and few minor health hazards of the vivid categories of pollutants. [1,2] The UK environmental protection act (EPA) 1990, ‘pollution of the environment’ means pollution of the environment due to the release (into any environmental medium) from any process of substance which are capable of causing harm to man or any other living organism supported by the environment. The escape of any substance capable of causing harm to man or any other living organism supported by the environment. [3] The priority pollutants can be classified on the basis of:- chemical and physical nature source of the pollutant environmental pathway used target organism affected gross effect on the Earth [3] The Environmental Pollution Agency have short listed the priority pollutants. [4] In addition to this comprehensive list Asbestos, Barium, HCB, Cadmium, Tin and Petroleum Hydrocarbons are also included under the broad title of ‘PRIORITY POLLUTANTS’. [5] Priority pollutants can be divided into 3 categories:- Metals Pesticides Volatile and non volatile organics [4] DETECTION OF PRIORITY POLLUTANT (METALS) Atomic Absorption spectroscopy, a very sensitive method used to analyse the priority pollutants by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Due to a few limitations in this methods the ability of dibenzyldithiocarbamate (DBDC) to form complexes with the priority is used, this is then followed by liquid chromatography, on a C18 column and using 64% methanol, 12%acetonitrile,5%tetrahydrofuran and19% Ph 5 acatate buffer as the mobile phase, which is quantified using ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry. (10 out of the 13 priority pollutants are detected using this method.) [6] Health hazards of heavy metals The major and general health hazard due to metals is their direct influence as a carcinogen.[7,8] Health hazards due to Arsenic The primary concerns are carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. Chronic exposure can result in poisoning of the nervous system, liver damage, and peripheral vascular disease, leading to gangrene of the lower limbs. This condition is commonly known as `black foot disease’. Chronic exposure to As is also associated with leukaemia, kidney and bladder cancers, dermatitis, hyper pigmentation, and arsenical keratosis. Arsenic acts as a non-genotoxic carcinogen. However, it affects DNA methylation and repair. Vomiting, diarrhea Peripheral nervous system problems Decreased intelligence Beathing problems [7,8,9] Cadmium The organs affected the most are:- Kidney : impaired renal functions, Increased excretion of low-molecular weight proteins in the urine. Increased risk of Lung cancer. Bone disorders: Osteomalacia, Osteoporosis and spontaneous bone fracture. Irritation Of The Lungs And Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer Of The Prostrate [8,9] LEAD Impaired Neurological Development (memory and learning difficulties, behavioural problems, reduced IQ) High blood pressure Kidney Failure Miscarriage Decreased sperm count Supression Of Haematological System [9] MERCURY Gastro-Intestinal Disorders (digestive problems) Respiratory Tract Irritation Renal Failure Neurotoxicity Blindness and deafness Lack of co-ordination Mental retardation[9] Pesticides Pesticides enter the food chain through water. This includes the derivatives of chlorinated hydrocarbons, herbicides and insecticides used on the soil. The mentioned categories of pesticides are very resistant and persistent in the environment, and have become ubiquitous over the years. The regularly used pesticides are mentioned.[5,13] DDT(Dichloro Diphenyl Trichloroethane) AldrinandDieldrin, ChlordaneHCBor hexachlorobenzene Heptachlor Lindane Methoxychlor [4] HEALTH HAZARDS DUE TO PERSISTANT PESTIDICES AND INSECTICIDES Pesticides are designed to kill and because their mode of action is not specific to one species, they often kill or harm organisms other than pests, including humans. The health effects of pesticides depend on the type of pesticide. Following are the health hazards caused due to Organophosphates, DDT, Lindane, Carbamate and Pyrethroids. [5] The major health hazards of pesticides are:- Neurological Health Effects Carcinogenic Hormone Disruption Impaired Reproductive Developments Decreased Sperm Count And Motility [10] NEUROLOGICAL HEALTH EFFECTS Memory Loss Loss Of Coordination Reduced Speed Of Response To Stimuli Reduced Visual Ability Altered Or Uncontrollable Mood Reduced Motor Skills. Convulsions And Seizures [10,11] OTHER POSSIBLE HEALTH EFFECTS Asthma Allergies ( skin allergies that are toxic) Hypersensitivity to light, sound and touch Nausea Fatigue [10,11] Acuteorganophosphateandcarbamateexposure causes signs and symptoms of excess acetylcholine, such as increased salivation and perspiration, narrowing of the pupils, nausea, diarrhea, decrease in blood pressure, muscle weakness, and fatigue. Some organophosphates also have a delayed neurological reaction characterized by muscle weakness in the legs and arms. [11] SEMI VOLATILE AND VOLATILE ORGANICS This group of Pollutants is wide ranging and consists of :- Chlorinated Alkanes (Carbon Tetrachloride) Chlorinated Ethenes (Polyvinyl Chloride Or Pvc) Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (Naphtalene, Coal Tar), Pesticides, Herbicides And Fumigants (Ddt, Endrin, Aldrin, Lindane, Methoxychlor, Toxaphene And Silvex), Mono-Dichlorobenzenes (Solvents), Benzenes (Benzene, Toluene) Phenols And Chlorophenols And Trihalomethanes (Chloroform, Bromoform). [5] HEALTH EFFECTS DUE TO ORGANICS Vinyl chloride is associated with cancer. PAH, induces cancer lung being the main target, [10] Phenols and chlorophenols lead to alterations in hepatic enzyme activities, gross increased liver weight and histopathological (hypertrophy, vacuolization, hyperplasia, fibrosis, necrosis and degeneration) effects is found following acute, intermediate and chronic oral exposure to PCP, Hepatocyte degeneration and centrilobular hypertrophy, Significant alterations in thyroid hormone levels have been observed, decrease fertility, and growth, signs of chloracne and minor disturbance of lipid metabolism., neurodevelopmental effects in infants. [3,whatever is the rest of the part] [10] Trihalomethanes can lead to colon cancer. [14] CONCLUSION Knowing about pollutants and their health hazards is not the end of it. Research has to be done on ways to curb this disaster and irreversible damage that has lured on our environment. Effort has to be made to find ways to tackle this pollution and PRIORITIZE Our Mother Nature and Human Health rather than POLLUTANTS! REFERENCES. The health and environment linkages initiative, world health organization, UNEP, http://www.who.int, accessed on 02-05-2015. EPA, http://www.water.epa.gov, accessed on 3-05-2015. Gareth Evans and Judith Furlong (2003), Environmental Biotechnology Theory And Applications, John Wiley And Sons Ltd. USEPA Priority Pollutants, http://www.accutest.com, accessed on 3-05-2015. Fishery harbor manual on the prevention of pollution, http://www.fao.org, accessed on 3-05-2015. James H. Shofsthal and James K. Hardy, Method For The Determination Of The Priority Pollutant Metals By HPLC, Journal of Chromatographic Science, Vol 28, Issue 5, Pg 225-229. WHO, Europe, Health Risks Of Heavy Metals From Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution, World Health Organization, 2007, http://www.euro.who.int, accessed on 13-05-2015. Heavy metals; Mercury, Arsenic, Lead, A Century’s Old story http://pollutioninpeople.org/toxics/metals Lars JÃ ¤rup, Hazards of heavy metal contamination, J Epidemiol Community Health2002;56:824-825 UNEP (Urban Environmental Unit United Nations Environmental Programme), Environmental pollution and impacts on public health. Health Risks Of Persistent Organic Pollutants From Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution, WHO Europe, Peter Orris, Lin Kraatz, Karen Perry and Joe Asbury, Persistent Organic Pollutants and Human Health,May 2000, published by World Federation Of Public Health Associations. Effect of pesticide on human health www.toxipedia.org,15/05/2015 Pereira and Michael A., Health Risk of the Trihalomethanes Found in Drinking Water Carcinogenic Activity and Interactions, Medical College of Ohio,2000.

Comedic Creativity in the Works of Jon Scieszka :: Biography Biographies Essays

Comedic Creativity in the Works of Jon Scieszka When it comes to authors, Jon Scieszka is at the top of the list of those who have mastered the art of continuing a theme throughout their work. All of Jon's books have one theme in common: comedic creativity. Never expect the ordinary from a Scieszka book. Wacky themes are Scieszka's trademark and no book is a better example of this than The Stinky Cheese Man and Other Fairly Stupid Tales. In this book, Scieszka took sticking with a theme to heart, from front to back cover. Theme was considered in every design aspect of the book from the table of contents to the incorporation of the UPC code on the back of the cover. Scieszka does not overlook one detail in his book that might possibly help out with his theme. Maybe this is what makes him such a successful author. Scieszka is famous for creating parodies of fairytales and fables by manipulating them to make his own unique stories. In The Stinky Cheese Man, Scieszka's twisted tales are combined to create a chaotic journey through tales such as the "The Princess and the Bowling Ball" and the "Boy who Cried Cow Patty." Not only does Scieszka have fun writing the stories for his books but he also plays around with the formalities most books approach in the traditional structured manner. In Scieszka's book, the narrator comes in conflict with other characters in the stories. The table of contents is more than just a reader's guide to the book; it is placed out of order on page nine, well into the book, and plays an important role in moving the story along. The back cover of the book even incorporates the UPC bar code into the theme. The Little Red Hen, who is seen nagging and complaining throughout the book, is pointing to the bar code and shouting "What is this doing here? This is ugly! Who is this ISBN Guy? Who will buy this book anyway?" (Scieska). Scieszka stays true to his quirky theme even on the back inside pannel of the book jacket. He substitutes pictures of George Washington and Abraham Lincoln for his and Lane's pictures. Even the blurbs underneath the pictures are amusing to read and are filled with more than the usual information about authors and illustrators. Theme was not just mastered only within the writing of Scieszka's books. Comedic Creativity in the Works of Jon Scieszka :: Biography Biographies Essays Comedic Creativity in the Works of Jon Scieszka When it comes to authors, Jon Scieszka is at the top of the list of those who have mastered the art of continuing a theme throughout their work. All of Jon's books have one theme in common: comedic creativity. Never expect the ordinary from a Scieszka book. Wacky themes are Scieszka's trademark and no book is a better example of this than The Stinky Cheese Man and Other Fairly Stupid Tales. In this book, Scieszka took sticking with a theme to heart, from front to back cover. Theme was considered in every design aspect of the book from the table of contents to the incorporation of the UPC code on the back of the cover. Scieszka does not overlook one detail in his book that might possibly help out with his theme. Maybe this is what makes him such a successful author. Scieszka is famous for creating parodies of fairytales and fables by manipulating them to make his own unique stories. In The Stinky Cheese Man, Scieszka's twisted tales are combined to create a chaotic journey through tales such as the "The Princess and the Bowling Ball" and the "Boy who Cried Cow Patty." Not only does Scieszka have fun writing the stories for his books but he also plays around with the formalities most books approach in the traditional structured manner. In Scieszka's book, the narrator comes in conflict with other characters in the stories. The table of contents is more than just a reader's guide to the book; it is placed out of order on page nine, well into the book, and plays an important role in moving the story along. The back cover of the book even incorporates the UPC bar code into the theme. The Little Red Hen, who is seen nagging and complaining throughout the book, is pointing to the bar code and shouting "What is this doing here? This is ugly! Who is this ISBN Guy? Who will buy this book anyway?" (Scieska). Scieszka stays true to his quirky theme even on the back inside pannel of the book jacket. He substitutes pictures of George Washington and Abraham Lincoln for his and Lane's pictures. Even the blurbs underneath the pictures are amusing to read and are filled with more than the usual information about authors and illustrators. Theme was not just mastered only within the writing of Scieszka's books.

Solomon Northups Twelve Years A Slave Essay -- Essays on Twelve Years

After reading Solomon Northup's Twelve Years A Slave, I was overwhelmed with his experience. He was born a free man in New York in 1808. In 1841 he was tricked, captured, and sold into slavery in Washington, D.C. Throughout his book, Solomon goes into details describing his life as a slave, which validates our critique of slavery. As abolitionists, it is our duty to do something about slavery. Although, as abolitionists, we have a history of disagreements among us, it time to put a stop to our arguments and start fighting for something we all believe in - to abolish slavery. While the growing cotton economy has made slavery more attractive than ever before to most southern people, slavery has to be abolished based on these reasons: first, because slaves are treated inhumanly; second, because it makes southern white society savage and cruel, and third, it turns southern whites into greedy and lazy people. One of the main reasons that slavery should be abolished is because masters treat their slaves inhumanly. Masters disregard the idea of family among slaves. Although they encourage slave marriage, they do so out of selfish reasons. Slaves who have families are likely to have kids, who will become property of the master after birth, and at the same time they are least likely to run away. In addition, the actual law does not provide any protection or recognition of slave marriage or family, which discourages the formation of family among slaves . Just like the law, masters do not take families into consideration and are reluctant to break slave families by sale. For example when Eliza was sold, she begged her new master to purchase her daughter as well. However, Freeman would not sell Emily, because "there were piles... ...e Declaration of the Independence. After reading Twelve Years A Slave, I was sad to find out about how people struggle; however, at the same time I was excited because it would open up people's eyes about the mistreatment of African-Americans. It provides examples of how slaves are treated on daily basis; it also shows how whites in the South are breaking the law, which fails to serve justice even if they are caught in the act. It also shows how people in the South are turning into a barbaric and uncivilized society. Therefore as abolitionists, we feel that unless slavery is abolished, the goal of this country to make all men free and equal has failed. So if our fight for freedom has failed, what is left of our country? Works Cited: Northup, Solomon. Twelve Years a Slave. 1853. Ed. Sue Eakin and Joseph Logsdon. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State UP, 1975.

Argumentative Essay Essay

For many years, the importance of English has increased because it has became a very common language all over the world. Owing to this situation, there are lots of argumentative topics which are about the power of English. One of them is about the medium of instruction at Turkish universities whether it should be English or not. First of all, the definition of the English as a medium of instruction can be made. Haagen – Schà ¼tzenhà ¶fer & Mathelitsch (n.d.) explain that, â€Å"English as a Medium of Instruction is a †¦ bilingual teaching – method. The main idea of EMI is to combine the conventional instruction of content – area subjects with †¦ a foreign language is used as a ‘tool’ for communication in different subjects† (p.1). In addition to this explanation, this type of education at Turkish universities can be very beneficial for students. Therefore, the medium of instruction should be English at universities in Turkey. Opponents of this argument claim that the English as a medium of education is not beneficial for students in some cases. They argue that this type of education causes two main problems which are misunderstanding problems and economical problems. Firstly, in Turkey, there is a common belief that if the educational language is English at universities, it can lead to not understanding of the courses very well due to the departmental technical jargons. For example, in engineering department, because of the English educational language, student may have some difficulties in their technical courses. However, this view is highly debatable. In the beginning of the university education, there is an English proficiency exam which tests the students’ level of English for being appropriate to the departmental technical courses. After this exam, for students who fail this exam, there is a preparatory year and the aim of this year is to prepare students their courses and to increase their level of English. Secondly, the opponents claim that, in English medium of universities, the fee of instruction can be a problem for poor students because it is higher than the other universities’. However this idea is open to debate. For poor students, there are lots of scholarship opportunities. Governments, universities and some big companies are ready to give some scholarship to poor students for rescuing them from their economical problems. Therefore, the high fee of  instruction is not a problem for poor students. English medium universities provide some advantages to students in some areas. Firstly, they are very useful for students in the most important field which is education. When the medium of education is English at universities, students have an ability to search in foreign sources. Therefore, their search area will expand and they can use the foreign sources in their researches. According to Economy Department of Istanbul University (n.d.), the English medium of instruction has lots of benefits for students. For example, in the English medium of instruction students get the chance to access and use the worldwide resources. Furthermore, this educational style makes it possible to enhance reading and comprehension skills and writing in English (p.1). Moreover, this educational style gives to students a chance to be educated in other countries. For example, many universities have Erasmus program which is the student exchange program between different countries’ universities. To ap ply this program the most important thing is knowing English. Due to the English medium universities, students already know English. Hence they have an opportunity to apply this program and to be educated in different countries. Secondly, English medium of instruction also provides some economical advantages to students. Thanks to the English medium of education, students do not have to spend any money to learn English. For instance, according to TOMER (n.d.) which is a famous and qualified foreign language course, the cost of the specific purpose foreign language courses is 576.00 TL. In addition to this, in this language course, there are speaking classes and their cost is also 350.00 TL (p.1). If the medium of instruction is English, students do not have to pay these high costs for learning English. Therefore, it gives an economical advantage to them. Furthermore, this educational style is useful for students when they find and apply a job. In Turkey, knowing English is very important quality for applying any job. Most companies want from their applicants to know English very well. If the medium of education is English, this increases the chance of finding a good job. Not only in educational and economical field, but also in social and business life, the English medium of education at universities is useful for  students. Firstly, in social life, it gives to students some advantages. For instance, students may gain a chance to live abroad because when they graduate from English medium of universities, their level of English will become high. Therefore, they will not any language problems when they live abroad. Furthermore, it is also beneficial in social relationships. If students know English, they have an opportunity to communicate and have friendship relation with foreign people or students. Hence, their social environment can expand. For example, at METU there are many foreign students and Turkish METU students have a chance to have foreign friends and communicate with foreign people. Secondly, this educational style has some advantages in business life. For instance, to work for international companies, English is very important because it is the common language in the world. If the graduates know their subjects in English very well, they automatically have a chance to work in these companies. Therefore, being a graduate from English medium of universities is a very significant advantage for students. Moreover, it gives to students an opportunity to have business life in foreign countries. For instance, lots of METU graduates maintain their business life in foreign countries. Being a graduate from METU whose educational language is English gives them to this chance. All in all, in Turkey, if the educational language is English at universities, students gain lots of benefits from it. These are about their education, economy, social, and business life. When these benefits are thought and examined carefully, the importance of English for students can be obviously seen. Because English is the today’s global language and it gives lots of advantages to students, the medium of instruction should be English at universities. REFERENCES Bà ¶là ¼mler: Ä °ngilizce Ä °ktisat: TanÄ ±tÄ ±m. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.istanbul.edu.tr/iktisat/bolumler.php Course fees. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.tomer.ankara.edu.tr/english/index.html# Haagen-Schà ¼tzenhà ¶fer, C. & Mathelitsch, L. (n.d.). English as a medium of instruction in science-teaching. Retrieved from http://www.fisica.uniud.it/girepseminar2001/CS06/HAAGEN_03_FINAL.pdf

Oedipus the King: A Theme Analysis

Oedipus the King is one of the group of three plays by Sophocles known as the Theban plays since they all relate to the destinies of the Theban family of the Oedipus and his children.   The other two plays of this group are Antigone and Oedipus at Colonus. Oedipus the King relates the story of Oedipus who reached Thebes, having killed on the way an old man with whom he picked a quarrel. The city of Thebes was then suffering terribly because of the monster, the Sphinx. He solved her riddle and citizens of Thebes offered him the kingdom as city is afflicted with the loss of their king, who had been murdered while on a pilgrimage.So he assumed the power and married the widowed queen. Here the tragedy of Oedipus takes its final course. As city was afflicted with famine, so Delphic oracles were consulted who disclosed that troubles of the city arose from the fact that it is harboring an unclean person, the murderer of late king Laius. Oedipus resolved to get to the bottom of this myster y and punish the wrongdoer. However, he ultimately discovered that the culprit he was seeking was none other than he himself. He blinded himself and went on exile. There are various standpoints for looking at the theme of the play.It may be considered as a play enacting the theme of insecurity and illusoriness of human happiness. Or the theme may be that of the inadequacy of human intelligence in resolving the riddles of destiny. The identification of themes in Oedipus differs from reader to reader and from critic to critic. I think that Sophocles wanted to convey that a man is plunged from prosperity and power to ruin ands ignominy due to his own human failings.   It was something[1] in his character that brought his tragedy. Anything foreign to his own character only augmented the tragic proceedings but it was only his own disposition that made him a prey to disgrace. Dodds is of the view, â€Å"If Oedipus is the innocent victim of a doom which he cannot avoid, does this not re duce him to a mere flaw puppet?† Whereas Knox (1984) is of the view that Oedipus’ tragedy takes place due to tragic flaw[s] and fate as no part to play in Oedious Rex.Distinguished Professor Butcher has identified four possible ranges of human failings in Oedipus. The foremost of these connotations is an error due to unavoidable ignorance of circumstances whereas an error caused by unawareness of conditions that might have been identified and for that reason to some extent morally blameworthy The third range is â€Å"A fault or error where the act is conscious and intentional, but not deliberate. Such acts are committed in anger or passion.† (313) Where as fourth one is â€Å"A fault of character distinct, on the one hand, from an isolated error, and, on the other, from the vice which has its seat in the depraved will†¦a flaw of character that is not tainted with a vicious purpose.† (315)The crucial point is that whether Sophocles wants us to think th at Oedipus has basically unsound character. One way of deciding this question is to examine what other characters in the play say about Oedipus. The only result that we can arrive at in this way is that Sophocles intends us to consider Oedipus an essentially noble person. In the opening scene of the play, the priest of Zeus refers to him as the greatest and noblest of men and the divinely inspired savior who saved Thebes from being destroyed by the Sphinx. The Chorus also considers him to be noble and virtuous. They refuse to believe in Tireseas accusations of him. When catastrophe befalls Oedipus, not a single character in the play justifies it as a doom which has deservedly overtaken Oedipus. (Dodds, p.39) So there were certain other tragic flaws that were acting behind the curtain to bring about Oedipus tragedy. Let us examine those.Oedipus seems to be obsessed with his own intelligence and this leads him to very unfortunate and uncomfortable situations. This human weakness[2] of Oedipus laps over with his pride as he is extremely proud of the fact that he was able to solve the riddle of the Sphinx which had proved too much for any other person. He thinks that Gods has capacitated him with intelligence and wisdom to solve riddle that the Thebes is afflicted with. Oedipus even taunts Tireseas on his inability in solving the Sphinx’s riddle. He says;And where were you, when the Dog-faced Witch was here?Have you any word of deliverance then for our people?There was a riddle too deep for common wits;A seer should have answered it, but answer there came noneFrom you†¦..  Ã‚   (12-16)After calling the soothsayer false prophet, Oedipus boasts of his own skill in having solved the puzzled which proved too much for the blind seer;Until I came—I, ignorant Oedipus, came—And stopped the riddler’s mouth, guessing he truthBy mother-wit, not bird-lore.  Ã‚   (17-19)So he describes Tireseas predictive cautions as the whims of a fanatic and opposes the seer’s prophecy with arguments of his own. Self-confidence and pride in his own wisdom is an outstanding feature of his character that also brings his tragedy. Here Oedipus also fulfills the traits of Aristotelian tragic hero as he possesses a noble tragic flaw. The man who sets out on his new task by sending first for the venerable seer is not lacking in pious reverence; but we also observe that Oedipus manifests unrestrained arrogance in his own intellectual achievement. No seer found the solution, this is Oedipus boast; no bird, no god revealed it to him, he â€Å"the utterly ignorant† had to come on his own and hit the mark by his own wit. This is a justified pride but it amounts too much. This pride and self-confidence induce Oedipus to despise prophecy and feel almost superior to the gods. He tell the people who pray for deliverance from pathos and miseries they are afflicted with if they listen to and follow his advice in order to get a remedy.La stly his unrelenting pursuit of the truth is demonstrated when he believes he is the murderer and that Polybus was not his father, yet he continues with his search with the statement, â€Å"I must pursue this trail to the end,†(p.55).   These characteristics were only fuel to the fire and added to the pride created a blaze that consumed him. Bernard Knox eulogizes Oedipus’ â€Å"dedication to truth, whatever the cost† (p.117)Another characteristics of his character that contributes toward his tragedy is Oedipus’ longing for thoroughness. His inquisitive nature is not content with anything which is either half-hearted or incomplete. Nor can he brook any delay. He damns that the direction of the oracle should be given effect at once. As before, Oedipus speaks on the basis of the workings of his own mental faculties that has been tested time and again and have proved their intelligence.It can be said that the tragedy of Oedipus is the result more of his go od qualities than his bad ones. It is his love for Thebes which makes him send Creon to Delphi to consult the Oracles. It is the same care for his subjects who make him proclaim a ban and a curse on the murderer of Laius. It is his absolute honesty which makes him include even himself within the curse and the punishment. He replies by saying â€Å"Sick as you are, not one is sick as I, each of you suffers in himself†¦but my spirit Groans for the city, for myself, for you†.  (62-62)He is angry with Tireseas because he is unable to tolerate the fact that   although the prophet says that he know who the murderer of Laius is , he refuses top give the information to the king. His rage and rashness is due to the fact that the masses are suffering and Tireseas does not provide the murderer’s name. Oedipus cannot but regard this as a clear manifestation of the seer’s disloyalty to his city.To Oedipus the discovery of truth is more important than his own good an d safety. Even when it seems that the investigation that he is carrying on will not produce any result which will be him, he decides to carry on with it. He is so honest with himself that he inflicts the punishment of self-blinding and banishment from the city of Thebes.So his moral goodness also seems as a human failing that brings his ruin.There is another important human failing that contribute toward his tragedy i.e. his intellectual myopia. He has a limited vision and is unable to assess the situations in a right perspective. Robert L. Kane (1975) puts this preposition in this way; â€Å"He[Oedipus] was the victim of an optical illusion†. (p. 196) The juxtaposition between â€Å"outward magnificence and inward blindness of Oedipus and the outward blindness and inward sight of the prophet† (Kirkwood, p. 130) depicts two types of blindness i.e. physical and intellectual. One is related to physical sight whereas the other, the most pernicious type of blindness, perta ins to insight. Tiresias is physically blind but whereas Oedipus is blind intellectually. This intellectual blindness of Oedipus also contributes greatly to lead him to his tragic destination.Oedipus possesses faultless physical vision throughout play except in the end but he remains blind to the reality regarding himself. At one point in the play, he has the ability to see but he is not willing to do so. He intellectual vision comes with his physical loss of sight but he is unable to cast away the psychological â€Å"slings and arrows† and mental sufferings that intellectual blindness has afflicted on him. So his blindness, both intellectual at the start of the play and physical at the end of the day, is the worst.Blindness interweaves with the main plot from the very start of the play when Oedipus says, â€Å"I would be blind to misery not to pity my people kneeling at my feet. (14)† It manifest that he refers to blindness that if h will not recognize the distress of his people. This shows his physical sight but intellectual blindness as he himself was the cause of those afflictions.   Later he acknowledges that although Tiresias is physically blind but has prophetic power when he says, â€Å"Blind as you are, you can feel all the more what sickness haunts our city. (344)†. Tiresias response refers to the gravity of Oedipus’ inability to see his future. He says, â€Å"How terrible – to see the truth when the truth is only pain to him who sees! (359)†Later on Oedipus denounces his own acknowledgement of Tiresias as a seer and abuses him by saying, â€Å"You've lost your power, stone-blind, stone-deaf – senses, eyes blind as stone!(423)† and â€Å"Blind, lost in the night, endless night that nursed you! You can't hurt me or anyone else who sees the light – you can never touch me. (425)†. It is illustrated that it is Oedipus who is blind intellectually as he is not willing to comprehend the situation and to understand the truth. In retort to his slur, Tiresias refers to worst form of blindness that Oedipus is suffering. He says, â€Å"You with your precious eyes, you're blind to the corruption of your life, to the house you live in, those who live with – who are your parents? (470)† and foretell, â€Å"Blind who now has eyes, beggar who now is rich, he will grope his way toward a foreign soil, a stick tapping before him step by step. (517)†.These supportive texts clearly manifest that Oedipus was afflicted with severe intellectual myopia as he was unable t see the truth that was pervasive all around him. Actually he was unwilling to see truth around him, prior to his physical blindness and afterwards as he blinds himself not to observe the things around him. His is the most insidious form of blindness.Oedipus can be held guilty due to another human flaw—his inability to take appropriate preventive measures. It is said that he fails to take logical steps and precaution s which would have saved him from committing the crimes.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Could not Oedipus†¦have escaped his doom if he had been more careful? Knowing that he was in danger of committing parricide and incest, would not really a prudent man have avoided quarrelling, even in self-defense and also love-relations with women older than himself?†¦ real life I suppose he might. But we not entitled to blame Oedipus either for carelessness failing to compile a hand list or lack of self-control in failing to obey its injunctions.†Ã‚  Ã‚   (Dodds, p.40)Oedipus has necessary human failings of anger and rashness. He rashly jumps into conclusions. Choragos points this out in scene II after a long speech by Creon who tries o remove the ill-fed and hastily formed suspicions of Oedipus about Creon. They say, â€Å"Judgments too quickly formed are dangerous† (II, 101)But Oedipus justifies this, arguing that ruler have to take quick decision. He says later on, â€Å"But is he not quick in his duplicity? / And shall I not be quick to parry him?† (II, 102-103) Later at the conclusion of scene II, Creon indicates the same fault in his character by saying, â€Å"Ugly in yielding, as you were ugly in rage! / Nature like yours chiefly torments themselves.† (II, 151-152) It is this rashness that makes to not merely suspect Creon but accuse him and even declares that he deserves the sentence of death. The rashness can be observed in his treatment of Tireseas. Oedipus does not lack analytical thinking but his rashness does permit him to weigh up the situation rightly and he makes hasty decision. In retrospect we see that rashness of Oedipus has something to do with the murder Laius at the hands of Oedipus. The self-blinding also is an act of rashness although Oedipus tries to give several arguments in favor of it.His bad temperament is demonstrated in the squabble between Teiresias and himself, where Teiresias utter the propheti c truth and Oedipus retorts, â€Å"Do you think you can say such things with impunity?† and afterward attributes him as a â€Å"Shameless and brainless, sightless, senseless sot!†(p.36). His character is further marked with suspicion about Creon to whom he considers as a conspirator. Kirkwood is of the view that â€Å"The Creon he [Oedipus] is battling is a figment of his imagination† (Kirkwood, 1958. p. 132) and nothing else. He says with reference his tà ªte-à  -tà ªte with Tiresaeas, â€Å"Creon! Was this trick his, then, if not yours?† So here his imagination works together with anger and rashness.All the above-mentioned manifestations of tragic flaw, their supported arguments and views of the critics clearly proves the thesis that Oedipus unavoidable ignorance was the major factor of his tragedy because he was unable to locate that the man whom he assaulted on the crossroads to Thebes was his father. Secondly, if he would not have been occupied by his aspirations, he would have possibly explored the horror of his deed and could have avoided the additional tricky situations by not marrying his mother. Thirdly, his â€Å"conscious and intentional† act includes his decision to â€Å"bring what is dark to light† (133).Furthermore, as result to revelation of Tireseas, he charges Creon with conspiracy and murder and denounces Tireases as an accessory. Although these actions were intentional and bring Oedipus to tragic end but have a clear background that illustrate that these actions were not â€Å"deliberate†. Fourthly, all these errors originate from a hasty and obstinate temperament, unjustified anger and excessive pride that compel him to an energized inquisitiveness. With the development of the plot, all these ascriptions of his character jumps back with amplified force on his head that finally culminates at his tragedy. Knox (1957) sums up in this way;â€Å"the actions of Oedipus that produce the catast rophe stem from all sides of his character; no one particular action is more essential than any other; they are all essential and they involve not any one trait of character which might be designated a hamartia but the character of Oedipus as a whole† (31).Here I want to point out that all these human failings were not innate or inborn but he developed these as his habitual formations. It was inculcated in his spirit so that it became a part of his natural disposition. If it were innate then he could not be blamed for his downfall. It was human failings rather than the destiny that brought his tragedy. So Sophocles has successfully put across that a man is plunged from prosperity and power to ruin ands ignominy due to his own human failings.ReferencesBloom, Harold. Sophocles' Oedipus Rex. : New York : Chelsea House Publishers. 1988. Butcher, S.H. Aritotle’s theory of Poetry and Fine Arts. Hell and Wang: New York. 1961.Dodds, E. R. On Misunderstanding the Oedipus. Greece & Rome. Vo. 13. No. 1. (Apr.1966). Pp. 37-49.Cook, Albert Spaulding. Oedipus Rex, a mirror for Greek drama. Prospect Heights, Ill. : Waveland Press.1982. Gould, Thomas. Greek tragedy. Cambridge ; New York : Cambridge University Press. 1977. Gould, Thomas. Oedipus the King: A Translation with Commentary. Englewood Cliffs. 1970. Kane, Robert L. Prophecy and Perception in the Oedipus Rex. Transaction of theAmerican Philological Association. Vol. 105 (1975). pp. 189-208.Kirkwood, G.M. A study of Sophoclean drama. Ithaca, N.Y., Cornell University Press. 1958. Knox, Bernard. Oedipus at Thebes. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1957. Knox, Bernard. Introduction to The Three Theban Plays. New York & London: PenguinBooks,1984.O’ Brien, John M. Twentieth century interpretations of Oedipus Rex; a collection of critical essays. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall. 1968 [1] Moral flaw, habitual formations, behavioral defect etc. [2] in any other context, pride in one’s intelligence cannot not a human weakness but course of the play depicts clearly that in Oedipus the King it was a human weakness.